Cursos / 1º Ciclo / / Institute of Psychology and Educational Sciences :: Psychology
MÉTODOS DE OBSERVAÇÃO E ENTREVISTA - 2023/2024
1º curricular year
Semestralidade: 2nd semester
ECTS: 3
Teachers
Leading Teacher: Prof. Doutora Joana Cruz
Assistant Professor: Prof. Doutora Joana Cruz
Class type and School hours
Teórico-prática : 2 Horas
Teaching Language
Portuguese
Main Aims/Objectives
The aim of this course is to obtain knowledge (and practice) on how to conduct an observation and an interview within psychological research and practice.
Specific Aims/Objectives
Students should:
- Recognize observation and interview as specific techniques for psychological research and practice;
- Describe the phases, techniques and skills of observation and psychological interview, as well as the respective contexts of application;
- Describe the objectives, planning and evaluation of focus groups, as well as the role of the moderator.
Skills to be acquired
By the end of the course, students should demonstrate their ability to conduct a psychological interview and an observation, distinguish main steps, processes and techniques, and their adequacy to specific contexts of psychological research and practice. They also should be able to conduct focus group.
Teaching Procedures
Classes will include lecture and discussion, but students? participation will be strongly encouraged. Mandatory and complementary readings for each class will be indicated as teaching and learning method will stress students? active role. Practical exercises will be provided during classes.
Programme
I. The Interview as a method of collecting data in Psychology
1. Introduction to the interview method: the interview as a qualitative approach and its specificities
2. Basic aspects of the interview technique: relationship, interview sequence, structuring, conduction and direction, question formulation, reformulation, adaptation to the specific characteristics of the individual.
3. Basic approach to interview skills:
A. The empathic relationship and active listening.
B. Psychologist attitudes and behaviors: Neutrality, Behaviors and responses to type situations
C. Verbal and non-verbal communication. Basic interpersonal communication skills. Strategies for establishing a trust relationship. Obstacles to communication.
4. Pragmatic psychological interview: Facilitating external conditions: the setting, the space, the time.
5. Techniques of the interview: questioning, reflection, reformulation, clarification, confrontation, self-revelation, silence, exploration, restructuring, interpretation, humor, generalization, focus.
6. The History of Life and anamnesis: description of the components, sequence, structure and context. Psychological / emotional aspects of anamnesis: its exploration, identification and valuation in the individual context of the subject.
II. Observation as a method of data collection in Psychology
1. Observation as scientific method: Introduction, observation versus experimentation, phases of the observational method, advantages, limitations and difficulties of observations.
2. Degree of observer participation: external or non-participant observation, internal or participant observation, and self-observation.
3. The observer as researcher: Characteristics, role to be developed, ethical principles of the observer, relation between observer and observer, problems originated by the observer, training and improvement of observers.
4. Systematization of observation: Control levels: occasional or uncontrolled observation, controlled observation and systematized observation.
5. Techniques for recording observations.
III. The Focus Group as a method of collecting data in Psychology
1. Characteristics and Specificities.
2. The role and powers of the moderator.
3. The composition of the group.
Evaluation Type
The evaluation will be carried out through:
1) Simulation of a psychological interview and its written report;
2) Observation of the simulations with delivery of the respective grid;
3) 2 Tests.
Teaching Resources
Computer.
Sustainability Objectives
Keywords
- Observation
- Interview
- Focus group
Main Bibliography
Author | Isabel Leal |
---|---|
Title | A Entrevista Psicológica. Técnica, Teoria e Clínic |
Place | LISBOA |
Editor | Fim de Século Edições |
Year | 2011 |
Author | Seidman, I. |
Title | Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for |
Edition | 4ª |
Place | USA |
Editor | Teachers College |
Year | 2013 |
Author | Stewart, D. W.; Shamdasani, P. N. |
Title | Focus Groups ? theory and practice. |
Place | Thousand Oaks |
Editor | Sage |
Year | 2007 |
Complementary Bibliography
Author | Gubrium, J. F., Holstein, J. A., Marvasti, A. B., |
---|---|
Title | Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of |
Edition | 2nd Ed. |
Place | LA |
Editor | Sage |
Year | 2012 |
Author | Yoder, P. J., Lloyd, B. P., & Symons, F. J. |
Title | Observational Measurement of Behavior |
Edition | 2nd Ed |
Place | Baltimore |
Editor | Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. |
Year | 2018 |